The beginnings of the parties began due to The Constitution and Washington's Cabinet. 

 One portion supported Andrew Jackson and formed the Democratic Party. The other fraction led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay became the National Republicans.  

Quote referring to Federalist and Democratic Republican ideas. 

The Federalist wanted a strong central government and decreased power in states. Hamilton influenced many of the federalist ideas. Thomas Jefferson formed the Democratic Republican Party. The Democratic Republicans favored a weak central government and more power to individual states.

The Jefferson Republican Part (Democratic Republican Party) was formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The party opposed the Federalist Party and controlled the Presidency, and most states from 1801 to 1824.

The Federalist Party was the first American Political Party (1790-1816). The party was formed by 

Alexander Hamilton, along with the support of bankers and businessman.